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We use the present pefect to talk about something that began in the past still continues now. Compare the present and present perfect :
- Amy is in hospital.
She has been in hospital since Monday. - We know each other very well
We have known each other for a long time.
I have been doing something (present perfect continuous) = I started doing something in the past and I am still doing it ( or have just stopped )
- I've been learning English for a long time.
- Sorry I'm late. Have you been waiting long?
The action can be a repeated action.
- How long have you been driving?
I have done (simple) or I have been doing (continuous)
The coninuous is more usual with how long, since and for
- I've been learning English for a long time.
You can normally use either the continuous or simple with live and work.
- John has been living / has lived in London for a long time.
But we use the simple with always
- John has always lived in London.
You can use the continuous or the simple for actions repeated over a long period.
- I've been collecting / I've collected stamp since I was a child.
Some verbs (for example, know / like / believe) are nor normally used in the continuous.
- How long have you known Jane?
- I've had a pain in my stomach since I got up this morning.
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